Portuguese palms

[Pargomad]

Hi everyone,

I've decided to create this topic to talk about Portuguese palm trees. Unlike what most people would think, Portugal has a lot of potential when it comes to the different palm species that could grow there. In fact, the different climates of the country and its islands are ideal for growing different palm species. Of course, anyone wishing to share photos or information is welcome to do so. 

I'd like to show you a few photos I've taken of different species growing in Lisbon's gardens and parks. Lisbon isn't exactly known for being a palmy destination. Most of the palm trees there have been wiped out by the red weevil and local authorities haven't done much to prevent this. As a result, there are hardly any palm trees left in the city, whereas 15 years ago, there was a thriving number of Canary Island date palms.  

The warmest parts in and around Lisbon belong to zone 10b.  Zone 10b is one of the warmest zones, and it has specific characteristics and implications for palm trees: it has a minimum average annual temperature range of 35 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit (1.7 to 4.4 degrees Celsius). This means that winter temperatures rarely fall below freezing, providing a relatively warm climate. Zone 10b typically has a long growing season with mild winters, allowing for the cultivation of a wide variety of plants, including tropical and subtropical species. Consequently, Lisbon is well-suited for the cultivation of a wide range of palm species. Many tropical palms thrive in warm, frost-free climates and can handle the consistently mild temperatures of this zone. Additionally, local climate conditions, including variations in rainfall and humidity, should be considered for successful palm cultivation.

 

Lisbon Part I

Without further ado, here are photos of some of Lisbon's palm trees. Let's start with the most common palm species:

- Phoenix canariensis

Once the undisputed master of Lisbon's urban landscape, the Canary Island date palm has become a rare sight in the city nowadays, especially the mature specimens. It was the most common palm species 20 years ago. It was commonly grown in private gardens, public parks and in entire avenues and streets. It had even become subspontaneous, colonizing bushes and abandoned land. Now, only a few fully-grown specimens remain.

 

 

- Phoenix dactylifera

Probably the first non-indigenous palm introduced in Lisbon (possibly during the Muslim period), it is (or was) nevertheless less popular than its Canarian cousin. This species is also vulnerable to the red weevil. 

- Washingtonia robusta 

This is probably the most common palm species in Lisbon today.

- Washingtonia filifera

Very common in Lisbon, although less popular than its Mexican sister.

 

- Chamaerops humilis

The country's only indigenous species, its range once extended from the Algarve through the Alentejo to the Serra da Arrábida (a few km south of Lisbon). Today, it grows spontaneously mainly in the Algarve, with, allegedly, a few survivors in Alentejo and Caparica, on the other side of Lisbon. It is also commonly used as an ornamental species. 

 

NEXT PART COMING SOON 

 

Edited December 15, 2023 by Pargomad

[Pargomad]

Lisbon Part II

For the second part, I'm going to show you some photos of palm trees that are frequent in Lisbon's gardens and parks.  

- Howea forsteriana

Howea forsteriana, commonly known as the Kentia Palm, is native to Lord Howe Island in the South Pacific, this palm species has found a welcoming home in Lisbon's mild climate, characterized by warm summers and mild winters. The palm's glossy, dark green fronds add a touch of tropical allure to the city's landscape.

 

- Syagrus romanzoffiana

Originating from South America, particularly in Brazil and Argentina, this palm species has adapted seamlessly to the favorable growing conditions of Lisbon's climate.

 

- Brahea armata

While not as widespread as some other palm varieties, the Mexican Blue Palm can be found in many gardens and parks in the city. Native to Baja California in Mexico, this palm is recognized for its striking blue-grayish fronds and a stout trunk adorned with persistent leaf bases.

 

TO BE CONTINUED

Edited December 15, 2023 by Pargomad

[Little Tex]

This is really good! I know Spain has quite a few Jubaea have you come across any in Portugal?

[RichardHemsley]

Great photos,  thanks for sharing 

[ruskinPalms]

Great stuff! I really love the look of those Howea 

[Silas_Sancona]

Great shots, and perfectly organized photo grouping of your thread.. 

Really enjoying both the impressive Brahea,  and Howea  specimens..  Group of Yucca ( ..Thinking Y. rostrata  ) in the second to last picture ( Below and to the left of that particular B. armata specimen ) too.

[Las Palmas Norte]

That multi trunked Phoenix canariensis in the park setting is insane!

[Pargomad]

Lisbon Part III

For the third part, I'm going to show you some palms that aren't as common as the species shown above, but which you may come across in some of the city's gardens and parks.

- Phoenix reclinata

The Senegal date palm is a palm species that can be found growing in various locations in Lisbon. Characterized by its arching fronds and stout trunk, this species is native to several African regions and is well-adapted to Lisbon's Mediterranean climate.

 

- Phoenix reclinata x canariensis

It's certainly possible that hybridization has occurred between Phoenix reclinata and Phoenix canariensis in Lisbon. Hybridization between different Phoenix species, including Phoenix reclinata and Phoenix canariensis, is known to happen, and new hybrids may be developed for various reasons, such as improved cold hardiness, resistance to diseases, or unique aesthetic qualities. In fact, these specimens do not seem to have been affected by the red weevil, unlike 90% of the Canary date palms. 

 

 

- Livistona australis

Livistona australis, commonly known as the Australian cabbage palm or cabbage tree palm, is native to eastern Australia and has been cultivated in various gardens and parks across Lisbon.

 

- Livistona chinensis 

Livistona chinensis, commonly known as the Chinese fan palm, is native to Southern Japan, Taiwan, and several provinces in China. In Lisbon, Livistona chinensis specimens are often planted in public parks, gardens, and urban landscapes. 

 

- Trachycarpus fortunei

Trachycarpus fortunei, commonly known as the Windmill Palm, is native to eastern Asia, including China. A notable characteristic of Trachycarpus fortunei is its remarkable cold hardiness, making it particularly suitable for cultivation in temperate cool regions.  Although Lisbon's climate is warmer, we still see a few specimens in some gardens and parks.  

 

- Rhopalostylis sapida

Rhopalostylis sapida, commonly known as the Nikau palm, native to New Zealand, has been cultivated in various gardens and parks in Sintra. and Lisbon.  

 

NEXT PART TOMORROW

Edited December 16, 2023 by Pargomad

[Pargomad]

17 hours ago, Little Tex said:

This is really good! I know Spain has quite a few Jubaea have you come across any in Portugal?

Thank you! Yes, I've seen very few specimens and tomorrow I will show you one growing in a botanical garden in Lisbon

10 hours ago, RichardHemsley said:

Great photos,  thanks for sharing 

4 hours ago, Silas_Sancona said:

Great shots, and perfectly organized photo grouping of your thread.. 

Really enjoying both the impressive Brahea,  and Howea  specimens..  Group of Yucca ( ..Thinking Y. rostrata  ) in the second to last picture ( Below and to the left of that particular B. armata specimen ) too.

4 hours ago, ruskinPalms said:

Great stuff! I really love the look of those Howea 

Thank you guys ! The Howea are really impressive, as if they were in their natural environment. Actually, I think those are Yucca elata if I'm not mistaken.

3 hours ago, Las Palmas Norte said:

That multi trunked Phoenix canariensis in the park setting is insane!

It is! But I think it's a date palm, Phoenix dactylifera.

[Silas_Sancona]

16 minutes ago, Pargomad said:

Actually, I think those are Yucca elata if I'm not mistaken.

Y. elata  tends to be greener,  Every one i've seen planted and out in habitat,  here anyway...  w/ all the stringy filaments sticking out between the leaves..   Specimens in your shot look cleaner to my eye.. Foliage also looks more relaxed, compared to elata.

Here's Y. elata..

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/170387-Yucca-elata

..Y.  rostrata.

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/290877-Yucca-rostrata

..Another possibility, if available in the Nursery Trade there, might be Y. thompsoniana.  Tough to say for sure though w/out some close ups of the leaves..  Good lookin' regardless,

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/170396-Yucca-thompsoniana

[Axel Amsterdam]

Very nice overview! I took this picture of an archontophoenix in the wonderful town of Sintra. 

[Las Palmas Norte]

1 hour ago, Pargomad said:

It is! But I think it's a date palm, Phoenix dactylifera.

You're right.

[Cindy Adair]

This is really interesting and nicely presented showing multiple photos of palms I rarely see in Puerto Rico.

Excellent reference should I be able to visit Portugal one day.

Thank you Pargomad!

[Tyrone]

I was reading this thread last night while a documentary was on TV about the railways of Portugal which featured Lisbon and the gardens of Sintra and I was eyeing off the Archontophoenix etc in those gardens, and then the next day here are the pictures of the same gardens in Sintra. It looks like a beautiful place. 

[Pargomad]

3 hours ago, Silas_Sancona said:

Y. elata  tends to be greener,  Every one i've seen planted and out in habitat,  here anyway...  w/ all the stringy filaments sticking out between the leaves..   Specimens in your shot look cleaner to my eye.. Foliage also looks more relaxed, compared to elata.

Here's Y. elata..

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/170387-Yucca-elata

..Y.  rostrata.

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/290877-Yucca-rostrata

..Another possibility, if available in the Nursery Trade there, might be Y. thompsoniana.  Tough to say for sure though w/out some close ups of the leaves..  Good lookin' regardless,

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/170396-Yucca-thompsoniana

I'm not sure. Here's a more detailed photo:

2 hours ago, Axel Amsterdam said:

Very nice overview! I took this picture of an archontophoenix in the wonderful town of Sintra. 

Beautiful ! 

1 hour ago, Cindy Adair said:

This is really interesting and nicely presented showing multiple photos of palms I rarely see in Puerto Rico.

Excellent reference should I be able to visit Portugal one day.

Thank you Pargomad!

Thank you !

[Silas_Sancona]

7 minutes ago, Pargomad said:

'm not sure. Here's a more detailed photo:

Definitely leaning toward rostrata or thompsoniana.. first to admit i'm not the greatest at separating these two at times, lol  

If you haven't yet already, feel free to check out the following thread..   Feel free to add any you have...  ..or might  come across there in the future
 

 

[Pargomad]

Lisbon Part IV

Today, I'm going to show you some of the rarer palms in Lisbon. Some of them can only be seen in one particular garden or park. 

- Roystonea regia

Roystonea regia, commonly known as the Royal Palm, is native to Caribbean regions. These specimens, though very rare, add a tropical touch to the city's green spaces. 

 

- Bismarckia nobilis

Native to Madagascar, the Bismarck Palm stands out for its distinctive features. In Lisbon's parks, the Bismarckia nobilis showcases a robust and solitary trunk, topped with a crown of large, silver-blue, fan-shaped leaves.

 

- Howea belmoreana

Howea belmoreana, commonly referred to as the Kentia Palm, is a species of palm native to Lord Howe Island, characterized by its distinctive leaves that exhibit a gentle curvature. However, it is less common in Lisbon than its sister, Howea forsteriana. 

 

- Jubaea chilensis

Jubaea chilensis, commonly known as the Chilean Wine Palm, is a remarkable species of palm tree native to central Chile. There used to be more specimens in Lisbon's green spaces. Today, there is only one, as far as I'm aware, in a botanical garden.

 

- Brahea edulis

Brahea edulis, commonly known as the Guadalupe Palm or Guadalupe Fan Palm, is a distinctive palm species indigenous to Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Baja California, Mexico. 

 

- Sabal mexicana

Sabal mexicana, commonly known as the Mexican Sabal or Rio Grande Palmetto, is a palm species native to northeastern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States. Sabal mexicana is appreciated for its ornamental value and suitability for subtropical and tropical landscapes.

 

- Sabal palmetto

Sabal palmetto, commonly known as the Cabbage Palm or Sabal Palm, is a prominent palm species native to the southeastern United States, ranging from North Carolina to Florida and west to Texas.  

 

- Sabal minor

Sabal minor, commonly known as the Dwarf Palmetto or Palmetto Palm, is a resilient palm species native to the southeastern United States, extending from the Gulf Coast to the Atlantic Coast. 

 

- Chamaedorea pochutlensis

Chamaedorea pochutlensis is a species of palm native to Mexico, specifically found in the Pochutla District of Oaxaca. Cultivation of Chamaedorea pochutlensis is well-suited for subtropical and tropical climates, where it thrives in well-drained soils and partial shade. 

 

MORE SPECIES COMING SOON

 

[Banana Belt]

On 12/17/2023 at 1:25 PM, Pargomad said:

There used to be more specimens in Lisbon's green spaces. Today, there is only one

Only one Jubaea in Lisbon?  That is rather odd, "number one being the loneliest number".  Why?

[Stelios]

A very well grown with full crown phoenix roebelenii at Miradouro de Sao Pedro.

[Stelios]

Some palms from Sintra

Palacio de quinta da regaleira

Butia at Palacio da Pena

[Alex High]

On 12/17/2023 at 4:25 PM, Pargomad said:

Lisbon Part IV

Today, I'm going to show you some of the rarer palms in Lisbon. Some of them can only be seen in one particular garden or park. 

- Roystonea regia

Roystonea regia, commonly known as the Royal Palm, is native to Caribbean regions. These specimens, though very rare, add a tropical touch to the city's green spaces. 

 

- Bismarckia nobilis

Native to Madagascar, the Bismarck Palm stands out for its distinctive features. In Lisbon's parks, the Bismarckia nobilis showcases a robust and solitary trunk, topped with a crown of large, silver-blue, fan-shaped leaves.

 

- Howea belmoreana

Howea belmoreana, commonly referred to as the Kentia Palm, is a species of palm native to Lord Howe Island, characterized by its distinctive leaves that exhibit a gentle curvature. However, it is less common in Lisbon than its sister, Howea forsteriana. 

 

- Jubaea chilensis

Jubaea chilensis, commonly known as the Chilean Wine Palm, is a remarkable species of palm tree native to central Chile. There used to be more specimens in Lisbon's green spaces. Today, there is only one, as far as I'm aware, in a botanical garden.

 

- Brahea edulis

Brahea edulis, commonly known as the Guadalupe Palm or Guadalupe Fan Palm, is a distinctive palm species indigenous to Guadalupe Island off the west coast of Baja California, Mexico. 

 

- Sabal mexicana

Sabal mexicana, commonly known as the Mexican Sabal or Rio Grande Palmetto, is a palm species native to northeastern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States. Sabal mexicana is appreciated for its ornamental value and suitability for subtropical and tropical landscapes.

 

- Sabal palmetto

Sabal palmetto, commonly known as the Cabbage Palm or Sabal Palm, is a prominent palm species native to the southeastern United States, ranging from North Carolina to Florida and west to Texas.  

 

- Sabal minor

Sabal minor, commonly known as the Dwarf Palmetto or Palmetto Palm, is a resilient palm species native to the southeastern United States, extending from the Gulf Coast to the Atlantic Coast. 

 

- Chamaedorea pochutlensis

Chamaedorea pochutlensis is a species of palm native to Mexico, specifically found in the Pochutla District of Oaxaca. Cultivation of Chamaedorea pochutlensis is well-suited for subtropical and tropical climates, where it thrives in well-drained soils and partial shade. 

 

MORE SPECIES COMING SOON

 

Thank you so much for making this thread and sharing some of the beautiful palms in Lisbon. I have family in Portugal and always love visiting, it's such a gorgeous country with a wonderful climate. Such as shame about the red palm weevil, hopefully there will be a long-term solution at some point. The South American palm weevil is currently doing the same damage over in San Diego, California, where many CIDP have died or are being killed, and it's making its way up the coast. Truly a shame all the pests that are killing palms around the world. I'm the one who mentioned those two royal palms I saw in Lisbon on the other thread, love seeing some other rare/tropical palms around the city. Can't wait to get back to Portugal at some point. Thanks for sharing!

[Stelios]

Arenga at Lisbon botanical garden. Photo taken today.

[Pargomad]

Lisbon Part V

Here are some other species that grow in Lisbon, Portugal.

- Phoenix rupicola

Phoenix rupicola, commonly known as the Cliff Date Palm or Indian Wild Date Palm, is a species of palm tree native to the Western Ghats mountain range in southwestern India. 

 

- Phoenix sylvestris

Phoenix sylvestris, commonly known as the Wild Date Palm or Silver Date Palm, is a majestic and resilient palm species native to the Indian subcontinent. This palm is widely distributed across various regions, from northern India to Bangladesh. 

 

- Phoenix roebelenii

Phoenix roebelenii, commonly known as the Pygmy Date Palm or Miniature Date Palm, is a small and popular ornamental palm species native to Southeast Asia.

 

The city of Lisbon was once filled with date palms of various species, specially the Canary date palm. These different species generated hybrid specimens in different parts of the city. 
Sometimes, it is difficult to truly recognize the two species that produced these hybrids.

- Phoenix canariensis ✞

Here are some specimens that have now disappeared, killed by the red palm weevil and the city's poor management. Unfortunately, local authorities sometimes preferred to cut down healthy specimens close to diseased ones rather than treat infected palms. This kind of situation also occurred in private gardens, as many owners did not want to spend money on treating their palms.  As a result, the city has lost much of its former charm, and it's becoming increasingly more difficult to see palm trees outside the botanical gardens. In addition, in recent years local authorities have preferred to plant trees from cooler, temperate climates, despite the city's Mediterranean climate.  Sometimes it's hard to believe that we're in a city that has milder winters than cities like Valencia in Spain. 

 

- Phoenix canariensis x dactylifera

 

 

- Phoenix canariensis x rupicola

 

- Phoenix reclinata x roebelenii

 

TO BE CONTINUED

Edited December 27, 2023 by Pargomad

[Pargomad]

On 12/20/2023 at 5:05 PM, Banana Belt said:

Only one Jubaea in Lisbon?  That is rather odd, "number one being the loneliest number".  Why?

I've only seen this particular specimen so far and I've been to every parks and botanical gardens here in Lisbon. I know there used to be more in the past, but most Portuguese have lost their interest in palm trees and they're not particularly interested in planting more specimens in their gardens anymore. There might be some growing in Sintra in the historical gardens though

 

On 12/22/2023 at 7:43 PM, Stelios said:

A very well grown with full crown phoenix roebelenii at Miradouro de Sao Pedro.

Magnificent! Phoenix roebelenii are more and more planted in private gardens outside Lisbon these days.

 

On 12/23/2023 at 9:40 PM, Stelios said:

Some palms from Sintra

Palacio de quinta da regaleira

Butia at Palacio da Pena

Thank you for your contribution, this is what I expect from this topic: that everyone shares their knowledge and photos. Those archontophoenix cunninghamiana look incredible. I've only seen a few specimens growing in very shady and humid gardens in Lisbon. The sun and scorching summer heat are not suitable conditions for these palms. 

 

On 12/26/2023 at 7:57 PM, Stelios said:

Arenga at Lisbon botanical garden. Photo taken today.

I was literally going to share the same photo! 

Edited December 27, 2023 by Pargomad

[Pargomad]

On 12/24/2023 at 6:23 AM, Alex High said:

Thank you so much for making this thread and sharing some of the beautiful palms in Lisbon. I have family in Portugal and always love visiting, it's such a gorgeous country with a wonderful climate. Such as shame about the red palm weevil, hopefully there will be a long-term solution at some point. The South American palm weevil is currently doing the same damage over in San Diego, California, where many CIDP have died or are being killed, and it's making its way up the coast. Truly a shame all the pests that are killing palms around the world. I'm the one who mentioned those two royal palms I saw in Lisbon on the other thread, love seeing some other rare/tropical palms around the city. Can't wait to get back to Portugal at some point. Thanks for sharing!

Thank you!

Oh, but there is a solution. Other countries like Spain and the south of France have managed this crisis better than Portugal. You only have to cross the border to see that the vast majority of palm trees have been saved. Whereas in Portugal, more specifically in Lisbon and Madeira, 90% of date palms have now disappeared. Unfortunately, 70% of the palms grown in the country were Canary Island date palms, hence the impact of this genocide. 

This is due to a lack of interest on the part of town councils, which have done nothing to manage this crisis or have waited too long to act. I'm always so impressed when I go to Menton in France or any other Spanish town by the number of healthy adult palms growing in the streets and gardens. In Portugal, especially in Lisbon, you really have to look for them sometimes. Furthermore, many Portuguese people prefer not to plant any more palms and replace them with native trees or trees from colder, more temperate climates that provide shade. If you give the same avenue with the same microclimate to Spaniards and Portuguese, the Spaniards will plant phoenix dactylifera with a few ficus, while the Portuguese will opt for plane trees, as they cool the streets in summer and the leaves change color in fall. That's how a lot of people think around here. And as you can see for yourself, many tropical species can grow in Lisbon, including roystoneas and even dypsis lutescens. 

What a shame, I really hope they'll find a solution soon, I don't want them to suffer the same fate as Lisbon. 

[Stelios]

Yesterday in Cascais I saw a line of some nice archontophoenix at the Parque Marechal Carmona. 

Also on the first day when we arrived in Lisbon, as we were coming with the taxi towards Jardim da Estrela, I saw a lady moving some very nice trunking archontophoenix and kentias out her flower shop. I checked from google and I think this is the place. I hope she will find people who loves palms to sell them.

[Stelios]

In Cascais I also saw this chrysalidocarpus lutescens. It's at the Cidadela de Cascais. I know is in a very big pot, but it looks like is growing there summer and winter. It's like back home. People don't know that these palms can grow in the ground more successfully.

[Pargomad]

On 12/28/2023 at 8:19 AM, Stelios said:

In Cascais I also saw this chrysalidocarpus lutescens. It's at the Cidadela de Cascais. I know is in a very big pot, but it looks like is growing there summer and winter. It's like back home. People don't know that these palms can grow in the ground more successfully.

I've seen some growing outside outside Lisbon, I'm going to try to take some photos next time I see one. Archontophoenix are more popular in Cascais or Sintra than in Lisbon. I've seen some growing in private gardens along the coast from Oeiras to Cascais. 

[bubba]

Pargomad or Anyone,

We are planning a trip to Portugal that will include Lisbon and Faro. Are the palm specimens best viewed at the main botanical garden in Lisbon or is a trip to Sintra worthy? How far from Lisbon is Sintra? The Royal Palms posted must be the furthest from the equator in the world! Magnificent!
 

Do you know of any similar gardens in the Faro (Algarve) area? Thank you for this incredible “palm journey”.

[Cluster]

Some more photos a few days ago from an Hotel in Lisbon Ajuda:

 

 

 

 

[Pargomad]

On 4/28/2024 at 7:43 PM, bubba said:

Pargomad or Anyone,

We are planning a trip to Portugal that will include Lisbon and Faro. Are the palm specimens best viewed at the main botanical garden in Lisbon or is a trip to Sintra worthy? How far from Lisbon is Sintra? The Royal Palms posted must be the furthest from the equator in the world! Magnificent!
 

Do you know of any similar gardens in the Faro (Algarve) area? Thank you for this incredible “palm journey”.

Thank you!

Sintra is worth a visit, not just for its gardens. The town is 30 minutes from Lisbon. 

I don't think there is a botanical garden in Faro, but the Algarve in general is more "palmy" than the other regions of the country, just like Southern Spain.